Western Ghats

By Raksha Nagaraj

What are the Western Ghats?

Situated in the southwestern part of India, the Western Ghats is a mountain range that runs parallel to the western coast. Also known as the Sahyadri Hills, the Western Ghats stretches from the state of Gujarat to Kerala and Tamil Nadu. Ranging for about 1600 kilometres (994 miles), the Western Ghats cover six states in the south. It also includes many rivers such as the Cauvery, Tungabhadra, Godavari, and Krishna.

These mountains play an important role in regulating the monsoons and ensuring there is sufficient rainfall in the agricultural states like Maharashtra, Karnataka and Kerala. As the climate is favourable and the soil is fertile, the Western Ghats are also ideal for agriculture and the region is popular for cultivation of coffee, tea, spices like pepper, and rice.

The mountains within the range are also very popular among trekkers and hikers as there are plenty of hiking trails. The landscapes are breathtaking and have so much wildlife that it attracts adventure enthusiasts. Some of the popular trails include Kumara Parvatha, Kudremukha, Mullayanagiri, Netravathi, Valikunja, and Narasimha Parvatha.

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Why are the Western Ghats a UNESCO World Heritage site?

The Western Ghats mountain range is a UNESCO World Heritage site because of its ecological and biological significance. It is one of the most important spots in terms of diversity in the world. Home to many species of flora and fauna, the mountains have a variety of ecosystems, from rainforests to grasslands. It is home to unique wildlife such as Malabar civet cats, Malabar giant squirrels, Nilgiri tahrs, and Lion-tailed macaques. The region also has tigers, Indian bisons, and leopards.

Believed to be older than the Himalayas, these mountains are also important geologically. They demonstrate “speciation related to the breakup of the ancient landmass of Gondwanaland in the early Jurassic period; secondly to the formation of India into an isolated landmass and the[n] thirdly to the Indian landmass being pushed together with Eurasia,” according to UNESCO.  

The region also has rich heritage and culture with many ancient temples, forts, tribes, and traditions. These cultures are deeply connected to the forests, nature, wildlife, and rivers.

What can you expect on a visit to the Western Ghats?

The Western Ghats are like a second home for me. I visit the region quite often, mainly because of the trekking trails. The mountains offer a mix of beautiful landscapes, wildlife, and cultural experiences with locals being extremely friendly.

Trekking

One of the best things to do in the Western Ghats is trekking and hiking. With abundant trekking trails, the region offers a range of easy, moderate and challenging trails, welcoming all kinds of trekkers. I have been on many trails and each one of them has been unique and spectacular. Some of the amazing trails to consider in the Western Ghats are:

• Kudremukha Peak in Karnataka state – Offering beautiful valley views, this mountain is in the shape of a horse’s face. It is a 20-kilometre-long (12.4 miles) trail in a tiger reserve.
• Chembra Peak in Kerala state – Popular for its heart-shaped lake mid-way to the peak, this is a picturesque trail offering panoramic views of the valley.
• Mullayanagiri Trail in Karnataka state – This trail is a moderate trek leading to a temple at the peak. This mountain is the highest peak in Karnataka, at 1930 metres (6332 feet).

Wildlife and bird-watching

With plenty of national parks, tiger reserves, and wildlife sanctuaries, the region is a hotspot for wildlife enthusiasts. It is home to tigers, leopards, sloth bears, elephants and Indian Bisons.

The Western Ghats are also very famous for the varied species of birds. You can spot endemic species like Malabar pied hornbills, flycatchers, Great Indian hornbills and trogons. With diverse ecosystems, from grasslands to rainforests, the region is one of the best places in India for wildlife and bird sightings.

Waterfalls

The Western Ghats are home to breathtaking waterfalls that become even more spectacular during the monsoon season, when the water flow is at its highest. Jog Falls in Karnataka and Athirapally Falls in Kerala are among the most famous, attracting visitors from across India. These waterfalls originate from major rivers like the Cauvery, Krishna, and Godavari, creating scenic spots for swimming and picnicking. Many of these locations offer visitors a chance to enjoy the beauty of nature while relaxing near the falling waters.

Cultural sites

The Western Ghats also are rich in culture, history and religion. With many ancient temples and forts, the region showcases the cultural significance of South India. There are many cultural sites that can be visited in the area:

• Murdeshwara – The small coastal town of Murdeshwara in Karnataka is home to the second-tallest Shiva statue and provides amazing views of the Arabian Sea.
• Hampi – The town of Hampi in Karnataka is a UNESCO World Heritage site with many ruins of the Vijayanagara Empire.

In addition to temples, the region has several historic forts, such as Raigad, Lohagad, and Pratapgad, which were significant during the Maratha Empire.

Is the Western Ghats worth visiting?

Absolutely, the Western Ghats is worth visiting. It is one of India’s most scenic and diverse regions, offering a perfect mix of nature, adventure, and cultural experiences. For nature lovers, there are many national and wildlife parks that have many bird species and wildlife. And for adventure seekers, the mountains offer some of the best trekking trails in India. The region also offers activities like camping, rock climbing, and river rafting, making it perfect for outdoor enthusiasts.

What sorts of travellers would like the Western Ghats?

The Western Ghats are perfect for travellers who enjoy the outdoors, wildlife, and adventure. They are an ideal destination for wildlife lovers and birdwatchers. In national parks like Periyar Tiger Reserve and Bandipur National Park, visitors can spot elephants, tigers and leopards. The mountains have many trekking trails ranging from easy to challenging, offering adventure to all levels of trekkers. Those interested in history and spirituality will find ancient temples and forts. Places like Murudeshwar, Gokarna, and Hampi showcase India’s rich heritage.

There are many possible single-day or multi-day tours to cater to any interest within the area. Here is a list.

Tips for visiting the Western Ghats

The best time to visit this region is between October and March as the weather is pleasant. The monsoon season (June to September) is good for waterfalls but not great for trekking.

Many trekking trails and remote areas may not have easy access to food and water, so carry your own. Hire local guides when you go for trekking in the mountains. Make sure to get forest department permission before going on mountain treks.

Avoid littering, maintain silence in wildlife sanctuaries, and do not disturb animals in their natural habitat.

Public transport is limited in remote areas. Hiring a private vehicle or using your own vehicle is the best way to explore.

Mobile networks may be weak in some remote locations.

The Western Ghats require at least two to three days and are easily accessible from many cities like Bangalore.

Use the map below to find accommodations. Or use these links for some of the popular towns to stay in: Munnar, Coorg, Lonavala, Mahabaleshwar, or Agumbe.

Where are the Western Ghats?

Stretching through six states in the southwestern part of India, the mountain range runs parallel to the western coast along the Arabian Sea.

By car – You can easily reach the towns or cities in the region by road. Popular places include Munnar, Coorg, Lonavala, Mahabaleshwar, and Agumbe. From main cities like Bangalore, the towns in the Western Ghats are an overnight journey depending on which town or city you want to visit.

By public transport – The Western Ghats stretches across six states, and its major destinations are well-connected by trains and buses. The Indian Railways have an excellent network providing easy access to the cities and towns in the region. Use 12Go to book trains from outside India; book as far in advance as possible.

For more information about the Western Ghats, see the Indian government’s Indian Culture website or the Western Ghats of India site.

Have you been to the Western Ghats? If so, do you have any additional information or advice about this UNESCO World Heritage site? Please add your comments below!